Seaweed polysaccharide mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli through NF-κB pathway suppression in porcine intestinal epithelial cells

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanism of seaweed polysaccharide (SWP) on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by E. coli in an IPEC-J2 model. A preliminary study was done to screen optimum SWP concentrations by cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and proliferation evaluation. The regular study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of SWP against E. coli challenge via the analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), tight junction proteins, NF-κB signalling pathway, proinflammatory cytokines and the E. coli adhesion and invasion. Our results show that 4 h E. coli challenge down-regulated tight junction proteins expression, decreased TEER, activated NF-κB signalling pathway and increased proinflammatory response, which indicates that the E. coli infection model was well-established. Pre-treatment with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h alleviated the 4 h E. coli -induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, as evidenced by the up-regulated expression of Occludin, Claudin-1 and ZO-1 at both mRNA and protein level and the increased TEER of IPEC-J2 cells. Pre-incubation with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway by 4 h E. coli challenge, including the decreased mRNA expression of TLR-4, MyD88, IκBα, p-65, as well as the reduced ratio of protein expression of p-p65/p65. Also, pre-treatment with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h decreased proinflammatory response (IL-6 and TNF-α) induced by 4 h E. coli challenge and decreased the E. coli adhesion and invasion. In conclusion, SWP mitigated intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by E. coli through NF-κB pathway in IPEC-J2 cells and 240 μg/ml SWP exhibited better effect. Our results also provide a fundamental basis for SWP in reducing post-weaning diarrhoea of weaned piglets, especially under E. coli -infected or in-feed antibiotic-free conditions.     

美国乡村林业发展经验借鉴

在我国经济由高速增长向高质量发展转型的背景下，绿色产业发挥着不可替代的作用。而林业是我国最大的绿色产业，也是构成乡村经济的重要产业部门。文中从林业专业人才、林地管理和林权交易、资金扶持以及乡村产业多元化发展4个方面介绍美国在乡村林业发展的经验，提出促进我国乡村林业发展、推动林业产业扶贫的相关建议，以期为我国林业产业提升经济、社会和生态效益提供参考。     

Comparative analysis of genetic effects of wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL

Wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL, carriers of Pm21 and PmV, respectively, confer high resistance to wheat powdery mildew. For better understanding of the difference in genetic effect between them, a RIL population was constructed based on the cross between “Yangmai 18” carrying T6V#2S·6AL and “Yangmai 22” carrying T6V#4S·6DL. Analysis of distribution of the translocations showed that T6V#2S·6AL is much more transmittable than T6V#4S·6DL. By comparing their effects on main agronomic traits, we firstly found that T6V#2S·6AL contributes greatly to top spikelet fecundity, but causes a decrease of 6.7%–10.5% of spike number. No stable effects of T6V#4S·6DL on agronomic traits were found, except for positive effect on plant height. Excitingly, a new recombinant, T6V#4S‐6V#2S·6AL carrying PmV, was screened and proved to have a higher transmission rate than the original translocation T6V#4S·6DL, which will greatly promote the utilization of PmV. The above conclusions of this research will provide important guidance for utilization of Pm21 and PmV more effectively, in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.     

色彩对城市山地型公园春冬季植物景观视觉质量的影响

文章采用SBE法、色彩量化分析等研究方法,结合实地调查,应用景观美学、色彩构成理论、色彩量化分析等理论对福州市金鸡山公园植物景观质量提升进行研究,研究结果表明:1)金鸡山公园春冬植物景观整体以绿、黄绿色为主,色相种类相对较少,色彩丰富度较低;明度主要集中在N4,N5等级,位于中等水平;纯度主要分布于1~3等级内,植物色彩饱和度较低。2)根据美景度评价法及景观质量等级划分,将金鸡山植物景观分为5个等级,SBE最高最低差值为146.24,差异较大;景观质量较高的景观主色调色系较多且差别较大,绿色色调的斑块与景观色彩面积比较小(最低值仅63.52%),景观质量较差的景观主色调色系较少且差别不大,绿色色调的斑块与景观色彩面积比较大(高于80%),且美景度较高的照片其明度及纯度也较高。3)从色彩频率分析可知,Ⅰ,Ⅱ组主要为绿色系、蓝色系、黄色系及红色系;Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ组多以冷色调的绿色系、灰色系为主。4)应适当增加植物景观主色调色系、控制绿色系色调的比例,多采用邻近色和互补色配置,并注意明度和饱和度变化以提高金鸡山公园植物景观质量。     

黑果枸杞LrDREB1基因克隆及其在非生物胁迫下的表达分析

DREB(Dehydrate responsive element binding factor)转录因子是植物非生物逆境适应中的关键调节因子,该类转录因子具有保守的AP2/EREBP结构域,在低温、高盐等非生物逆境胁迫下,可调控下游逆境应答基因的表达,对增强植物的抗逆能力有重要作用。黑果枸杞具有极强的耐干旱、盐碱能力,为研究黑果枸杞DREB类基因在低温、盐碱响应中的功能,本研究以强抗盐灌木黑果枸杞总RNA为模板,基于前期转录组测序拼接序列,利用RT-PCR方法克隆得到一条DREB基因。该基因含有一个1116 bp的开放阅读框,编码372个氨基酸。系统进化树分析显示,Lr DREB1基因属于DREB亚家族A2组成员,与拟南芥AtDREB2B、AtDREB2E具有较高的相似性。荧光定量PCR结果显示,Lr DREB1受盐胁迫、ABA胁迫和低温胁迫诱导表达,可能参与依赖ABA的信号转导途径,调节黑果枸杞抗盐响应。本研究通过对黑果枸杞LrDREB1基因的克隆、序列分析和表达分析,为研究Lr DREB1的功能及黑果枸杞抗盐机理提供了帮助。     

基于“流水线”的茄果类种苗半自动嫁接机研究

阐述了国内外茄果类种苗半自动嫁接机存在的作业生产率过低的问题,针对国内种苗嫁接环境,以茄果类种苗为作业对象,提出了基于"流水线"的半自动嫁接作业模式,选取适合机械化操作的贴接嫁接法,分析了生产节拍、作业工序与作业生产率的关系,最终将夹持、切削、拢苗、对接、上夹和下苗6个工序合理分配至4个工位。进行了整机嫁接作业试验,结果表明基于"流水线"的嫁接生产模式可实现1000株/h的嫁接生产率,有效提高了作业效率。     

不同作物秸秆腐解液对节节麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

节节麦(Aegilops tauschii Coss.)作为麦田恶性杂草之一,给中国小麦生产带来了严重的经济损失。为探究农作物秸秆在节节麦生态防治方面的作用,本试验采用了滤纸培养皿法和小杯法研究了不同浓度的玉米、油菜、水稻秸秆及稻壳腐解液对节节麦种子萌发率、发芽指数及幼苗根长、苗高和干重5项生物指标的影响。结果表明,当浓度为6.25 mg/mL时,玉米、油菜秸秆腐解液对节节麦幼苗干重表现为促进作用,对其他测定指标均为抑制作用。稻壳腐解液除了对根长具有抑制作用外,对其他指标均具有促进作用。水稻秸秆腐解液对5项指标均具有促进作用。当浓度大于50 mg/mL时,4种秸秆腐解液对5项指标均具有抑制作用,且随着浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。总体来说,作物秸秆腐解液对节节麦的化感作用强弱依次为玉米秸秆、油菜秸秆、稻壳、水稻秸秆,且对根的化感作用尤为明显。     

起垄高度对黑果枸杞生长及生理特性的影响

为了探究低洼盐碱地的合理利用方式，以黑果枸杞为试验材料，设置不起垄（对照，H1）、起垄20 cm(H2)、起垄40 cm(H3)共3个栽培处理，研究不同起垄高度对黑果枸杞生长和抗逆生理指标的影响。结果表明：起垄处理的土壤全盐含量显著高于不起垄处理。起垄处理的植株枝长和叶面积显著高于不起垄处理；叶绿素含量除8月份外，其他时期均显著高于对照。可溶性糖含量不同时期的变化幅度较小。脯氨酸含量仅在后期大幅上升，其中H2处理显著高于对照。在8月份时起垄处理的叶片K+含量显著高于H1处理，10月份时则呈相反趋势；Na+含量则一直呈现出起垄处理显著低于对照的趋势。总的来看，起垄种植黑果枸杞更有优势，起垄处理虽增加了土壤盐分含量，但对黑果枸杞生长的影响较小，而相对降低的地下水位埋深对黑果枸杞的生长影响更大，研究结果对低洼盐碱地黑果枸杞的规范化栽培具有一定的理论指导意义。     

断奶对仔猪肠道屏障的影响及营养调控

在集约化养殖中,3~4周龄早期断奶是仔猪生命周期中一个非常紧张的时期,此时仔猪胃肠道还未发育成熟。肠道屏障由上皮、免疫和肠神经系统组成,这些系统控制上皮屏障的完整性以及肠道功能,包括肠腔营养物质、水和电解质的运输。早期断奶导致肠道通透性增加,出现胃肠功能紊乱的情况,可能对猪只一生产生长期的影响。因此,仔猪断奶饲粮需要正确水平的营养素、营养源和高质量的添加剂,鼓励仔猪快速进食,减轻或消除断奶应激综合症,降低死亡率和发病率。养猪就是养"肠道",合理使用功能性氨基酸、植物化学物质和有机酸等添加剂,能够修复由于断奶应激综合症导致的肠道屏障功能障碍。     

离子果膜对沃柑果实日灼与植株光合速率和果实品质的影响

为弄清离子果膜对沃柑果实日灼、品质和光合的影响,2018-2019年在广西武鸣进行了喷施不同浓度离子果膜对沃柑果实日灼发生率、果面温度、叶片光合速率和果实品质的影响试验。结果表明,喷了离子果膜的沃柑果实日灼发生率为0.98%-1.73%,极显著低于对照的14.77%；沃柑叶片Pn日变化呈双峰曲线,存在“午休”现象,同一时刻不同处理间沃柑叶片净光合速率存在一定的差异,但与对照间的差异未达显著水平。在气温33.1℃情况下,喷了离子果膜的沃柑果面平均温度39.97℃-41.47℃,而对照果面平均温度达到48.36℃,两者相差6-8度,其差异达到极显著水平。离子果膜对果实着色、果皮厚度、果实可溶性固形物、固酸比的影响不显著,但对糖代谢影响显著,不同处理间差异明显。对照的果实可滴定酸含量均显著低于4个处理,4个处理间的差异不显著。离子果膜预防沃柑果实日灼效果显著。